Introduction
Components involved
Installation
Replication of production setup
Here, we replicate the relevant parts of the present installation as a starting point.
Base virtual machine preparation
Imported Last School's Debian9 VM template "Debian9-base.ova" into Virtual Box as Debian9-base_8021x, re-initializing all MAC addresses. The description for this virtual machine template is:
Debian 9 amd64 installation - Hostname: debian9-base - User accounts (username password): ls last root last - Partitioning: --- Physical: ------ 1GB RAID boot flag ------ 29GB RAID --- RAID: ------ md0: ext3 /boot ------ md1: LVM - part of volume group debian9-base --- LVM (VG/LV): ------ debian9-base/root: 18.6GB ext4 / ------ debian9-base/swap: 3.72GB swap area - Up to date as of 2017-09-27 - sources.list includes: Sections: main contrib non-free Additional repository: backports - Apt-cacher configured as per Last School site (Proxy credentials will need to be entered in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02proxy by user) - SSH access installed and enabled - Gnome and Firefox configured to auto-detect proxy settings - Extra software installed: vlc gimp emacs fonts-indic tcpdump iperf exfat-utils wireshark - One network interface as bridged adapter, cable connected.
Added a second ethernet adapter in settings, connected to "Not attached", re-initialized its MAC address
Increased the allocated CPUs to 2
The network configuration is now as follows (interface name seen in guest OS - Adapter name in VirtualBox settings - Adapter "Attached to" setting in VirtualBox settings):
enp0s3 - Adapter 1 - Bridged adapter
enp0s8 - Adapter 2 - Not attached
Booted, logged in to GUI, connected DHCP
In terminal:
rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/02proxy apt-get update apt-get upgrade
Rebooted the virtual machine
Set strong passwords for ls and root users
Installed my ssh public key in root's .ssh/authorized_keys file.
Installation of relevant services:
Shorewall (based on LASTSCHL-207):
apt-get install shorewall
apt-get install ipset
mv /etc/shorewall{,-orig}
mkdir /etc/shorewall
Configuration:
root@debian9-base:/etc/shorewall# for i in `ls`; do echo "========= $i ========="; cat $i | grep -v "^#" | grep -v "^$"; echo "========= $i ========="; echo ""; done ========= hosts ========= ========= hosts ========= ========= interfaces ========= net enp0s3 detect tcpflags,dhcp,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians wifi enp0s8 detect tcpflags,nosmurfs,routefilter,logmartians ========= interfaces ========= ========= masq ========= enp0s3 192.168.9.0/24 ========= masq ========= ========= policy ========= $FW net REJECT INFO(uid) $FW wifi ACCEPT INFO(uid) wifi all REJECT net all DROP INFO all all REJECT info ========= policy ========= ========= routestopped ========= ========= routestopped ========= ========= rules ========= Invalid(DROP) net all ACCEPT:INFO(uid) net $FW tcp 22 ACCEPT:INFO(uid) net $FW udp 123 ACCEPT:INFO(uid) net $FW icmp ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net tcp 465,587,995,993 ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net udp 53,123 ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net icmp ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net tcp - - - - root ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net udp - - - - root ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net icmp - - - - root ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net tcp - - - - _apt ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net udp - - - - _apt ACCEPT:INFO(uid) $FW net icmp - - - - _apt ========= rules ========= ========= shorewall.conf ========= STARTUP_ENABLED=Yes .... ========= shorewall.conf ========= ========= zones ========= fw firewall net ipv4 wifi ipv4 ========= zones =========
In /etc/default/shorewall, set
startup=1
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/rsyslog.d/40-shorewall.conf
:msg, contains, "Shorewall:" /var/log/shorewall
& stop
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/logrotate.d/shorewall
/var/log/shorewall-init.log {
weekly
rotate 108
compress
nomissingok
create 0640 root adm
}
/var/log/shorewall
{
rotate 731
daily
nomissingok
notifempty
delaycompress
compress
dateext
postrotate
reload rsyslog >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
endscript
}
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/auth.log
{
rotate 731
daily
dateext
nomissingok
notifempty
delaycompress
compress
postrotate
invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
endscript
}
/var/log/mail.info
/var/log/mail.warn
/var/log/mail.err
/var/log/mail.log
/var/log/daemon.log
/var/log/kern.log
/var/log/user.log
/var/log/lpr.log
/var/log/cron.log
/var/log/debug
/var/log/messages
{
rotate 4
weekly
missingok
notifempty
compress
delaycompress
sharedscripts
postrotate
invoke-rc.d rsyslog rotate > /dev/null
endscript
}
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/logrotate.conf
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4
# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create
# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress
# packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d
# no packages own wtmp, or btmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {
nomissingok
monthly
create 0664 root utmp
rotate 24
}
/var/log/btmp {
nomissingok
monthly
create 0660 root utmp
rotate 24
}
# system-specific logs may be configured here
systemctl enable shorewall.service
Configure network and DHCP (based on LASTSCHL-212):
systemctl disable network-manager.service systemctl disable NetworkManager.service unlink /etc/resolv.conf echo nameserver 192.168.10.1 > /etc/resolv.conf mkdir /etc/ltsp
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The external interface
auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet static
address 192.168.10.52
network 192.168.10.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.10.255
gateway 192.168.10.1
# The wifi interface
auto enp0s8
iface enp0s8 inet static
address 192.168.9.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.9.255
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf | grep -v "^#" | grep -v "^$"
# Some of the following lines are there by default and are probably not required
ddns-update-style none;
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
include "/etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf";
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/ltsp/dhcpd.conf
#
# Default LTSP dhcpd.conf config file.
#
authoritative;
subnet 192.168.9.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.9.40 192.168.9.250;
option domain-name "test.av";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.9.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.9.255;
option routers 192.168.9.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option root-path "/opt/ltsp/amd64";
if substring( option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9 ) = "PXEClient" {
filename "/ltsp/amd64/pxelinux.0";
} else {
filename "/ltsp/amd64/nbi.img";
}
}
apt-get install isc-dhcp-server
In /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server, set:
INTERFACESv4="enp0s8"
Configure DNS (based on LASTSCHL-211):
apt-get install dnsmasq touch /var/log/dnsmasq chmod 640 /var/log/dnsmasq
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/dnsmasq.conf | grep -v "^#" | grep -v "^$"
strict-order
interface=enp0s8
expand-hosts
domain=test.av
log-queries
log-facility=/var/log/dnsmasq
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/logrotate.d/dnsmasq
/var/log/dnsmasq
{
rotate 731
daily
nomissingok
notifempty
delaycompress
compress
dateext
postrotate
reload rsyslog >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
endscript
}
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/hostname
debian9-base.test.av
root@debian9-base:~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.9.1 test.av
192.168.9.1 server.test.av server
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
New stuff
Download the latest version of the attached shwl_add_shwl_del_sl_pmu archive and extract it somewhere convenient.
Shorewall
Add to /etc/shorewall/hosts:
wifi1 enp0s8:dynamic
Modify /etc/shorewall/policy:
# Just after: wifi all REJECT # Added: wifi1 net ACCEPT INFO wifi1 $FW ACCEPT INFO(uid) $FW wifi1 ACCEPT INFO(uid) # Before: net all DROP INFO
Add to /etc/shorewall/zones:
.... wifi1:wifi ipv4 dynamic_shared
In /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf set:
SAVE_IPSETS=Yes
Add to /etc/shorewall/rules (replace IP addresses with actual IP address of wifi routers):
ACCEPT:INFO(uid) wifi:192.168.9.2,192.168.9.3,192.168.9.4 $FW udp 1812
FreeRADIUS
apt-get install freeradius
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-available/eap:
comment the following:
....
# md5 {
# }
....
# leap {
# }
....
# gtc {
# # The default challenge, which many clients
# # ignore..
# #challenge = "Password: "
#
# # The plain-text response which comes back
# # is put into a User-Password attribute,
# # and passed to another module for
# # authentication. This allows the EAP-GTC
# # response to be checked against plain-text,
# # or crypt'd passwords.
# #
# # If you say "Local" instead of "PAP", then
# # the module will look for a User-Password
# # configured for the request, and do the
# # authentication itself.
# #
# auth_type = PAP
# }
....
# tls {
# # Point to the common TLS configuration
# tls = tls-common
#
# #
# # As part of checking a client certificate, the EAP-TLS
# # sets some attributes such as TLS-Client-Cert-CN. This
# # virtual server has access to these attributes, and can
# # be used to accept or reject the request.
# #
# # virtual_server = check-eap-tls
# }
....
modify the 'default_eap_type' directive under section 'eap' to be:
default_eap_type = peap
and the 'default_eap_type' directive under section 'ttls' to be:
default_eap_type = mschapv2
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/sites-available/default, comment the following lines:
# In the authorize section:
chap
mschap
digest
files
-ldap
pap
# In the authenticate section:
Auth-Type PAP {
pap
}
Auth-Type CHAP {
chap
}
Auth-Type MS-CHAP {
mschap
}
mschap
digest
Uncomment the following line in the 'authorize' section, and add it at the end of the 'post-auth' section:
auth_log
Add the following in the post-auth section, just before the Post-Auth-Type REJECT section:
update reply {
Session-Timeout := 3600
Termination-Action := 1
}
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/sites-available/inner-tunnel, comment the following lines:
# In the authorize section:
chap
mschap
files
-ldap
# In the authenticate section:
Auth-Type PAP {
pap
}
Auth-Type CHAP {
chap
}
Auth-Type MS-CHAP {
mschap
}
Add the following line after 'filter_username' and before 'suffix' in the 'authorize' section, and at the end of the 'post-auth' section:
auth_log
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/radiusd.conf, set (in the 'log' section):
auth = yes
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/clients.conf, comment the 'client localhost' and 'client localhost_ipv6' section and add (replace with actual IP addresses of wifi routers):
client wifi-ap1 {
ipaddr = 192.168.9.2
secret = password # Replace with an actual password
}
client wifi-ap2 {
ipaddr = 192.168.9.3
secret = password # Replace with an actual password
}
client wifi-ap3 {
ipaddr = 192.168.9.4
secret = password # Replace with an actual password
}
logrotate config '@@@'
Certificates
as freerad?
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/certs/ca.cnf, set the following settings:
... [ req ] ... input_password = password # Replace with an actual password output_password = password # Replace with an actual password ... [certificate_authority] countryName = IN stateOrProvinceName = Tamil Nadu localityName = Auroville organizationName = Test emailAddress = admin@test.av commonName = "Test Certificate Authority" ...
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/certs/server.cnf, set the following settings:
... [ CA_default ] ... crlDistributionPoints = URI:http://server.test.av/test_ca.crl [ req ] ... input_password = password # Replace with an actual password output_password = password # Replace with an actual password [server] countryName = IN stateOrProvinceName = Tamil Nadu localityName = Auroville organizationName = Test emailAddress = admin@test.av commonName = "Test Server Certificate" [v3_ca] ... crlDistributionPoints = URI:http://server.test.av/test_ca.crl ...
as freerad ("@@@" right way to do it?):
cd /etc/freeradius/3.0/certs make
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-available/eap, modify the following directives under section 'tls-config tls-common' to be:
private_key_password = password # Replace password with the password chosen previously private_key_file = /etc/freeradius/3.0/certs/server.pem .... certificate_file = /etc/freeradius/3.0/certs/server.pem .... ca_file = /etc/freeradius/3.0/certs/ca.pem
MySQL
apt-get install mysql-server freeradius-mysql mysql -uroot CREATE DATABASE radius; exit mysql -uroot radius < /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-config/sql/main/mysql/schema.sql
Edit /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-config/sql/main/mysql/setup.sql. Modify the following lines:
CREATE USER 'radius'@'localhost';
SET PASSWORD FOR 'radius'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('radpass');
to
CREATE USER 'freerad'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket;
and update the username 'radius' to be 'freerad' wherever else it is mentioned in the file.
mysql -uroot radius < /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-config/sql/main/mysql/setup.sql
cd /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-enabled ln -s ../mods-available/sql sql
In /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-enabled/sql, set the following options:
driver = "rlm_sql_mysql"
dialect = "mysql"
server = "localhost"
port = 3306
login = "freerad"
password = ""
radius_db = "radius"
logfile = ${logdir}/sqllog.sql # @@@ Do we need this?
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/sites-enabled/inner-tunnel, find the following line under authorize, post-auth and Post-Auth-Type REJECT sections
-sql
modify it to
sql
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/sites-enabled/default, find the following line under authorize, post-auth and Post-Auth-Type REJECT sections
-sql
In the post-auth and Post-Auth-Type REJECT sections, modify it to
sql
In the authorize section, comment it out.
Python module / script_launcher.py script
cd /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-enabled ln -s ../mods-available/python python
Put the following in it:
#
# Make sure the PYTHONPATH environmental variable contains the
# directory(s) for the modules listed below.
#
# Uncomment any func_* which are included in your module. If
# rlm_python is called for a section which does not have
# a function defined, it will return NOOP.
#
python {
module = script_launcher
python_path = ${modconfdir}/${.:name}:/usr/lib/python2.7
mod_post_auth = ${.module}
func_post_auth = post_auth
}
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/sites-enabled/inner-tunnel:
... # Add this line just after 'sql' in the 'post-auth' section python ...
Modify /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-available/eap, modify the 'copy_request_to_tunnel' directive under both sections 'peap' and 'ttls' to be:
copy_request_to_tunnel = yes
Place the script_launcher.py script from the shwl_add_shwl_del_sl_pmu archive at /etc/freeradius/3.0/mods-config/python/script_launcher.py
sudo
apt-get install sudo
Create /etc/sudoers.d/shwl_add, permissions 640 root:root, with:
freerad ALL=(root:root) NOPASSWD:/sbin/shorewall,/usr/bin/arp-scan
shwl_add / shwl_del scripts
Prerequisites from above: sudo, FreeRADIUS python module / script_launcher.py script, shorewall, FreeRADIUS MySQL
apt-get install arp-scan # Install the shwl_*.sh scripts from the shwl_add_shwl_del_sl_pmu archive in /usr/local/sbin/ chown root:freerad /usr/local/sbin/shwl_* chmod 750 /usr/local/sbin/shwl_* mkdir /var/local/shwl_add chown freerad:freerad /var/local/shwl_add chmod 700 /var/local/shwl_add chmod a-s /var/local/shwl_add
Add the following line to freerad's crontab
*/1 * * * * /usr/local/sbin/shwl_del.sh # @@@ figure out optimal interval
Settings in /usr/local/sbin/shwl_add.sh (at top of file):
.... # Settings cfg_shwl_zone="wifi1" # Shorewall dynamic zone to which client devices' IP addresses need to be added # @@@ figure out a few optimal intervals cfg_shwl_retry_delay=2 # Number of seconds to wait, in case of failure in adding IP to shorewall dynamic zone, before attempting second time cfg_file_location="/var/local/shwl_add" # Folder where runtime information will be stored cfg_file_location_owner_user="freerad" # User by which above folder should be owned cfg_file_location_owner_group="freerad" # Group by which above folder should be owned cfg_ip_srch_iface="enp0s8" # Network interface on which to scan for devices cfg_ip_srch_initial_delay=0.75 # How many seconds to wait before first attempt at scanning cfg_ip_srch_retry_delay=4 # How many seconds to wait in between further attempts at scanning cfg_ip_srch_max_attempts=50 # Maximum number of attempts at scanning before giving up cfg_mysql_user="freerad" # MySQL username cfg_mysql_db="shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu" # MySQL database name where to log events cfg_mysql_log_table="event_log" # Table in MySQL database where to log events ....
Settings in /usr/local/sbin/shwl_del.sh (at top of file):
.... # Settings cfg_ip_match_pattern="192.168." # Pattern to match all IP addresses that might be in the shorewall dynamic zone # @@@ figure out a few optimal intervals cfg_session_expiry_timeout=3660 # Session duration (should be slightly longer than Session-Timeout attribute specified in FreeRADIUS) cfg_shwl_zone="wifi1" # Shorewall dynamic zone containing clients' IP addresses cfg_file_location="/var/local/shwl_add" # Folder where runtime information is stored cfg_file_location_owner_user="freerad" # User by which above folder should be owned cfg_file_location_owner_group="freerad" # Group by which above folder should be owned cfg_mysql_user="freerad" # MySQL username cfg_mysql_db="shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu" # MySQL database name where to log events cfg_mysql_log_table="event_log" # Table in MySQL database where to log events ....
MySQL
mysql -uroot CREATE DATABASE shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu; GRANT ALL on shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu.event_log TO 'freerad'@'localhost'; exit mysql -uroot shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu < shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu.sql # Updating shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu.sql to the full path of the shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu.sql file extracted from the shwl_add_shwl_del_sl_pmu archive
pam_to_mysql_update.sh script
Prerequisities from above: sudo, FreeRADIUS MySQL, shwl_add / shwl_del scripts MySQL
apt-get install libpam-script sshpass mkdir /usr/share/libpam-script/pam-script.d/pam_to_mysql_update cd /usr/share/libpam-script/pam-script.d/pam_to_mysql_update # Install the pam_to_mysql_update.sh script from the shwl_add_shwl_del_sl_pmu archive in here ln -s pam_to_mysql_update.sh pam_script_auth ln -s pam_to_mysql_update.sh pam_script_passwd mysql -uroot GRANT ALL on radius.radcheck TO 'freerad'@'localhost'; exit pam-auth-update # And, uncheck the box for "Support for authentication by external scripts"
Add the following line at the end of /etc/pam.d/common-auth:
.... auth required pam_script.so onerr=fail dir=/usr/share/libpam-script/pam-script.d/pam_to_mysql_update/
Add the following line at the end of /etc/pam.d/common-password:
.... password required pam_script.so onerr=fail dir=/usr/share/libpam-script/pam-script.d/pam_to_mysql_update/
Settings in /usr/share/libpam-script/pam-script.d/pam_to_mysql_update/pam_to_mysql_update.sh (at top of file):
.... # Settings cfg_mysql_user="freerad" # MySQL username cfg_mysql_user_db="radius" # MySQL database name where to update passwords cfg_mysql_log_db="shwl_add_shwl_del_pmu" # MySQL database name where to log events cfg_mysql_user_table="radcheck" # Table in MySQL database where to update passwords cfg_mysql_log_table="event_log" # Table in MySQL database where to log events cfg_verbose=0 # Print verbose messages on stdout ....